The?Times Higher Education?World University Rankings?2019 physical sciences?subject ranking includes a narrower range of subject areas.

The subjects used to create this ranking are:

• Mathematics and statistics
• Physics and astronomy
• Chemistry
• Geology, environmental, earth and marine sciences

Different weights and measures

The subject tables employ the same range of?13 performance indicators?used in the overall?World University Rankings 2019, brought together with scores provided under five categories.

However, the overall methodology is carefully recalibrated for each subject, with the weightings changed to suit the individual fields.

The weightings for the physical sciences ranking are:

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• Teaching:?the learning environment
  27.5 per cent
• Research:?volume, income and reputation
  27.5 per cent
• Citations:?research influence
  35 per cent
• International outlook:?staff, students and research
  7.5 per cent
• Industry income:?innovation
  2.5 per cent

Criteria

Two criteria are included in the subject rankings: a publication threshold by discipline and an academic staff* threshold by discipline.

No institution can be included in the overall World University Rankings unless it?has published a minimum of 1,000 research papers over the five years that we examine.

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For the 11 subject tables, the publication thresholds are set differently. For physical sciences, the threshold drops to 500 papers published in this discipline over the past five years.

There is also an academic staff eligibility criterion. Up until the 2018 subject rankings, we expected an institution to have at least 5 per cent of its academic staff working in the physical sciences discipline in order to include it in the subject table.

For the 2019 subject rankings, we have made a small adjustment in the staff eligibility criterion. An institution needs either to have a minimum proportion or specific number of staff in this discipline to be included in the subject ranking.

For physical sciences, we expect an institution either to have at least 5 per cent of its academic staff in the physical sciences discipline or to have at least 50 academic staff in the physical sciences discipline.

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*Academic staff is defined as the full-time equivalent number of staff employed in an academic post, for example, lecturer, reader, professor.