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UNIVERSITY OF EXETER The following chairs have been appointed: Jeremy Black, former professor of history at the University of Durham; Lammy Betten, associate professor in labour law and social security law at the Europa Instituut, University of Utrecht, to the chair of European law and director of the centre for European legal studies; Andrew Tettenborn, lecturer in Law at Cambridge University and fellow of Pembroke College, to the Bracton chair of English law; Christopher Moody, professor of organic chemistry at the University of Loughborough, to the chair of organic chemistry.

Personal chair: David Braund, reader in Greek, Roman and Georgian history, professor of Mediterranean and Black Sea history.

UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD Jeff Lucas, head of the centre for health studies at University College Salford, appointed to the chair of health studies.

BIRKBECK COLLEGE, LONDON Clive Wainwright, formerly of the research department at the Victoria and Albert Museum, has been appointed visiting professor in the department of history of art.

UNIVERSITY OF ULSTER R. Bradford, former lecturer, promoted to professor of literary history and theory; S. J. Connolly, former reader, promoted to professor of Irish history.

UNIVERSITY OF EAST LONDON Professorships have been conferred on: Beverley Brown, head of the department of sociology; Barbara Harrison, school of law; Barry Richards, head of the department of human relations; Raphael Samuel, department of cultural studies; Drew Stevens, London Docklands Development Corporation chair of urban regeneration.